Genetic Factors: Aging is intricately linked to genetic predispositions, as certain gene variants can influence the rate of aging and susceptibility to age-related conditions. Polymorphisms in genes associated with DNA repair, oxidative stress response, and longevity pathways can play a role in how individuals age. Cellular Damage: Progressive aging is associated with cumulative cellular damage, driven by various stressors, including environmental toxins, radiation, and endogenous metabolic processes. This damage encompasses genomic instability, epigenetic alterations, and protein dysfunction, all contributing to cellular senescence. Telomere Shortening: Telomeres, repetitive DNA sequences that protect chromosome ends, exhibit shortening with each cell division. Critically shortened telomeres impair cell replication, leading to cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging . Oxidative Stress: Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and...